Manganese (Symbol Mn, Latin manganum, manganesium) -a metal required for human metabolism. Manganese functions as a cofactor in activating a number of human enzymes, such as the phosphorhydrolases and phosphotransferases which are involved in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides (cartilgae). Magnesium can be found throughout the body and can be found in high levels in the mitochondria of cells, primarily in the pituitary (brain), pancreas, liver, bone and kidneys.

RDA of manganese

Although manganese is required for human metabolism, the RDA has not yet been established. Manganese deficiency in man is not know to exist, but occurs in poultry causing perosis (bone deformities). The average western diet supplies around 5mg of manganese per day. Many multvitamins include a few milligrams of manganese as a component in the form of manganese sulphate, manganese gluconate, or manganses chloride. Foods high in manganese include tea, whole cereals, legumes (ie., peas, beans) and leafy vegetables.

Toxicity of manganese

Toxicity from manganese is rare. From excess supplements, toxicity is unknown. However, if we extrapolate on long term studies with animals, who showed damage to the central nervous system (brain and peripheral nerves), we can see surmise, that perhaps ther are long-term effects to excess manganese consumption. Industries who use manganese (ie., steel production) must control limits of exposure to employees.