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A ketopentose (see ketose and pentose). Xylulose is an epimer (term denoting stuctural similarity of molecules) of ribulose Xylylose is an important marker in the genetic condition "essential pentosuria " (pento= pentose, uria=in the urine), and in this condition, xylylose is excreted in the urine and can be detected clinically. Xylulose is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway, a pathway in humans dedicated to carbohydrate metabolism.